Applications
Structures and devices made with p-beam writing, from optical waveguides and biochips to imprint stamps, patterned silicon and magnetic structures in carbon.

Si micro-turbine
A spinning silicon micro-turbine, made by p-beam writing and etching.

Photonics
Waveguides, microlens arrays, gratings and photonic crystal templates.

Biochips
Nanochannels, cell corrals and DNA-sorting chips in polymer.

Imprinting
Stamps and molds that let direct-written structures be mass-replicated.

Silicon modification
Micromachined silicon, light-emitting porous Si and colour-reflecting Bragg mirrors.
Magnetic writing
Ferromagnetic structures written into graphite with protons.